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diff --git a/csrc/ops.cu b/csrc/ops.cu
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+// Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+//
+// This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+#include <ops.cuh>
+#include <kernels.cuh>
+#include <cub/device/device_scan.cuh>
+#include <limits>
+#include <BinSearch.h>
+
+
+using namespace BinSearch;
+using std::cout;
+using std::endl;
+
+#define BLOCK_SIZE 4096
+
+struct quantize_block_args
+{
+ BinAlgo<Scalar, float, Direct2> *bin_searcher;
+ float *code;
+ float *A;
+ float *absmax;
+ unsigned char *out;
+ int block_end;
+ int block_idx;
+ int threadidx;
+};
+
+void *quantize_block(void *arguments)
+{
+ // 1. find absmax in block
+ // 2. divide input value by absmax to normalize into [-1.0, 1.0]
+ // 3. do binary search to find the closest value
+ // 4. check minimal distance
+ // 5. store index
+
+ struct quantize_block_args *args = (quantize_block_args*)arguments;
+
+ // 1. find absmax in block
+ float absmax_block = -FLT_MAX;
+ for (int i = args->block_idx; i < args->block_end; i++)
+ absmax_block = fmax(absmax_block, fabs(args->A[i]));
+
+ args->absmax[args->block_idx/BLOCK_SIZE] = absmax_block;
+
+ for (int i = args->block_idx; i < args->block_end; i++)
+ {
+ // 2. divide input value by absmax to normalize into [-1.0, 1.0]
+ // 3. do binary search to find the closest value
+ float normed_value = args->A[i]/absmax_block;
+ int idx = args->bin_searcher->scalar(normed_value);
+
+ // 4. check minimal distance
+ // The binary search returns always the value to the left, which might not be the closest value
+ if(idx < 255)
+ {
+ float dist_left = fabs(normed_value-(args->code[idx]));
+ float dist_right = fabs(normed_value-(args->code[idx+1]));
+ if(dist_right < dist_left){ idx+=1; }
+ }
+
+ // 5. store index
+ args->out[i] = (unsigned char)idx;
+ }
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+void quantize_cpu(float *code, float *A, float *absmax, unsigned char *out, int n)
+{
+
+ // the default code is has range [-0.993, 1.0] which can cause an error in the binary search algorithm used below
+ code[0] = -1.0f;
+
+ int num_blocks = n/BLOCK_SIZE;
+ num_blocks += n % BLOCK_SIZE == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+
+ pthread_t *threads = (pthread_t*)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t)*num_blocks);
+ struct quantize_block_args **args = (quantize_block_args**)malloc(num_blocks*sizeof(quantize_block_args*));
+
+ for(int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+ args[i] = (quantize_block_args*)malloc(sizeof(quantize_block_args));
+
+ const uint32 elements_code = 256;
+ BinAlgo<Scalar, float, Direct2> bin_searcher(code, elements_code);
+
+ for(int block_idx = 0; block_idx < n; block_idx+=BLOCK_SIZE)
+ {
+ int valid_items = n-block_idx >= BLOCK_SIZE ? BLOCK_SIZE : n - block_idx;
+ int block_end = block_idx + valid_items;
+
+ struct quantize_block_args *arg = args[block_idx/BLOCK_SIZE];
+ arg->bin_searcher = &bin_searcher;
+ arg->code = code;
+ arg->A = A;
+ arg->absmax = absmax;
+ arg->out = out;
+ arg->block_end = block_end;
+ arg->block_idx = block_idx;
+ arg->threadidx = block_idx/BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+ pthread_create(&threads[block_idx/BLOCK_SIZE], NULL, &quantize_block, (void *)arg);
+ }
+
+ for(int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+ int err = pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
+
+ free(threads);
+ for(int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++)
+ free(args[i]);
+ free(args);
+}
+
+
+void dequantize_cpu(float *code, unsigned char *A, float *absmax, float *out, int n)
+{
+ for(int block_idx = 0; block_idx < n; block_idx+=BLOCK_SIZE)
+ {
+ int valid_items = n-block_idx >= BLOCK_SIZE ? BLOCK_SIZE : n - block_idx;
+ int block_end = block_idx + valid_items;
+ for (int i = block_idx; i < block_end; i++)
+ out[i] = code[A[i]]*absmax[block_idx/BLOCK_SIZE];
+ }
+}
+
+void histogramScatterAdd2D(float* histogram, int *index1, int *index2, float *src, int maxidx1, int n)
+{
+ int threads = 512;
+ int blocks = n/threads;
+ blocks = n % threads == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ kHistogramScatterAdd2D<<<blocks, 512>>>(histogram, index1, index2, src, maxidx1, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+}
+
+template <typename T> void estimateQuantiles(T *A, float *code, float offset, int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/4096;
+ blocks = n % 4096 == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(code, 0, 256*sizeof(float)));
+ kEstimateQuantiles<T><<<blocks, 512>>>(A, code, offset, std::numeric_limits<T>::max(), n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+}
+
+void quantize(float *code, float *A, unsigned char *out, int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/1024;
+ blocks = n % 1024 == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ kQuantize<<<blocks, 1024>>>(code, A, out, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+}
+
+void dequantize(float *code, unsigned char *A, float *out, int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/1024;
+ blocks = n % 1024 == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ kDequantize<<<blocks, 1024>>>(code, A, out, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+}
+
+template <typename T, int STOCHASTIC> void quantizeBlockwise(float * code, T *A, float *absmax, unsigned char *out, float *rand, int rand_offset, const int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/4096;
+ blocks = n % 4096 == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ kQuantizeBlockwise<T, 4096, 4, STOCHASTIC><<<blocks, 1024>>>(code, A, absmax, out, rand, rand_offset, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+}
+
+template<typename T> void dequantizeBlockwise(float *code, unsigned char *A, float *absmax, T *out, int blocksize, const int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/blocksize;
+ blocks = n % blocksize == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ if(blocksize == 4096)
+ kDequantizeBlockwise<T, 4096, 1024, 4><<<blocks, 4096/4>>>(code, A, absmax, out, n);
+ else if(blocksize == 2048)
+ kDequantizeBlockwise<T, 2048, 512, 4><<<blocks, 2048/4>>>(code, A, absmax, out, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+}
+
+template<typename T, int OPTIMIZER> void optimizer32bit(T* g, T* p,
+ float* state1, float* state2, float *unorm, float max_unorm, float param_norm,
+ const float beta1, const float beta2, const float eps, const float weight_decay,
+ const int step, const float lr, const float gnorm_scale, const int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/4096;
+ blocks = n % 4096 == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ switch(OPTIMIZER)
+ {
+ case ADAM:
+ if(max_unorm > 0.0f)
+ {
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(unorm, 0, 1*sizeof(float)));
+ kPreconditionOptimizer32bit2State<T, OPTIMIZER, 4096, 8><<<blocks, 512>>>(g, p, state1, state2, unorm, beta1, beta2, eps, weight_decay, step, lr, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ }
+ kOptimizer32bit2State<T, OPTIMIZER><<<blocks, 1024>>>(g, p, state1, state2, unorm, max_unorm, param_norm, beta1, beta2, eps, weight_decay, step, lr, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ break;
+ case MOMENTUM:
+ case RMSPROP:
+ if(max_unorm > 0.0f)
+ {
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(unorm, 0, 1*sizeof(float)));
+ kPreconditionOptimizer32bit1State<T, OPTIMIZER, 4096, 8><<<blocks, 512>>>(g, p, state1, unorm, beta1, eps, weight_decay, step, lr, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ }
+
+ kOptimizer32bit1State<T, OPTIMIZER><<<blocks, 1024>>>(g, p, state1, unorm, max_unorm, param_norm, beta1, eps, weight_decay, step, lr, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+template<typename T, int OPTIMIZER> void optimizerStatic8bit(T* p, T* g,
+ unsigned char* state1, unsigned char* state2,
+ float *unorm, float max_unorm, float param_norm,
+ float beta1, float beta2,
+ float eps, int step, float lr,
+ float* quantiles1, float* quantiles2,
+ float* max1, float* max2, float* new_max1, float* new_max2,
+ float weight_decay,
+ const float gnorm_scale, int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/4096;
+ blocks = n % 4096 == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+
+ if(max_unorm > 0.0f){ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(unorm, 0, 1*sizeof(float))); }
+
+ switch(OPTIMIZER)
+ {
+ case ADAM:
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(new_max1, 0, 1*sizeof(float)));
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(new_max2, 0, 1*sizeof(float)));
+ kPreconditionOptimizerStatic8bit2State<T, OPTIMIZER><<<blocks, 256>>>(p, g, state1, state2, unorm, beta1, beta2, eps, step, quantiles1, quantiles2, max1, max2, new_max1, new_max2, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ kOptimizerStatic8bit2State<T, OPTIMIZER><<<blocks, 1024>>>(p, g, state1, state2, unorm, max_unorm, param_norm, beta1, beta2, eps, step, lr,
+ quantiles1, quantiles2, max1, max2, new_max1, new_max2, weight_decay, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ break;
+ case MOMENTUM:
+ case RMSPROP:
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(new_max1, 0, 1*sizeof(float)));
+ kPreconditionOptimizerStatic8bit1State<T, OPTIMIZER><<<blocks, 256>>>(p, g, state1, unorm, beta1, eps, step, quantiles1, max1, new_max1, weight_decay, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ kOptimizerStatic8bit1State<T, OPTIMIZER><<<blocks, 1024>>>(p, g, state1, unorm, max_unorm, param_norm, beta1, eps, step, lr,
+ quantiles1, max1, new_max1, weight_decay, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+#define BLOCKSIZE_2STATE 2048
+#define NUM_2STATE 8
+#define BLOCKSIZE_1STATE 2048
+#define NUM_1STATE 8
+
+template<typename T, int OPTIMIZER> void optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(T* p, T* g,
+ unsigned char* state1, unsigned char* state2, float beta1, float beta2, float eps, int step, float lr,
+ float* quantiles1, float* quantiles2, float* absmax1, float* absmax2, float weight_decay, const float gnorm_scale, int n)
+{
+
+ int blocks = 0;
+ switch(OPTIMIZER)
+ {
+ case ADAM:
+ blocks = n/BLOCKSIZE_2STATE;
+ blocks = n % BLOCKSIZE_2STATE == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ kOptimizerStatic8bit2StateBlockwise<T, OPTIMIZER, BLOCKSIZE_2STATE, NUM_2STATE><<<blocks, BLOCKSIZE_2STATE/NUM_2STATE>>>(p, g, state1, state2, beta1, beta2, eps, step, lr,
+ quantiles1, quantiles2, absmax1, absmax2, weight_decay, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ break;
+ case MOMENTUM:
+ case RMSPROP:
+ blocks = n/BLOCKSIZE_1STATE;
+ blocks = n % BLOCKSIZE_1STATE == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ kOptimizerStatic8bit1StateBlockwise<T, OPTIMIZER, BLOCKSIZE_1STATE, NUM_1STATE><<<blocks, BLOCKSIZE_1STATE/NUM_1STATE>>>(p, g, state1, beta1, beta2, eps, step, lr,
+ quantiles1, absmax1, weight_decay, gnorm_scale, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+template<typename T> void percentileClipping(T * g, float *gnorm_vec, int step, const int n)
+{
+ int blocks = n/2048;
+ blocks = n % 2048 == 0 ? blocks : blocks + 1;
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaMemset(&gnorm_vec[step % 100], 0, 1*sizeof(float)));
+ kPercentileClipping<T, 2048, 4><<<blocks, 512>>>(g, gnorm_vec, step, n);
+ CUDA_CHECK_RETURN(cudaPeekAtLastError());
+}
+
+
+//==============================================================
+// TEMPLATE DEFINITIONS
+//==============================================================
+
+template void estimateQuantiles(half *A, float *code, float offset, int n);
+template void estimateQuantiles(float *A, float *code, float offset, int n);
+
+template void quantizeBlockwise<half, 0>(float * code, half *A, float *absmax, unsigned char *out, float* rand, int rand_offset, const int n);
+template void quantizeBlockwise<float, 0>(float * code, float *A, float *absmax, unsigned char *out, float* rand, int rand_offset, const int n);
+template void quantizeBlockwise<half, 1>(float * code, half *A, float *absmax, unsigned char *out, float* rand, int rand_offset, const int n);
+template void quantizeBlockwise<float, 1>(float * code, float *A, float *absmax, unsigned char *out, float* rand, int rand_offset, const int n);
+template void dequantizeBlockwise<half>(float *code, unsigned char *A, float *absmax, half *out, int blocksize, const int n);
+template void dequantizeBlockwise<float>(float *code, unsigned char *A, float *absmax, float *out, int blocksize, const int n);
+
+#define MAKE_optimizer32bit(name, gtype) \
+template void optimizer32bit<gtype, name>(gtype* g, gtype* p, \
+ float* state1, float* state2, float* unorm, float max_unorm, float param_norm, \
+ const float beta1, const float beta2, const float eps, const float weight_decay, \
+ const int step, const float lr, const float gnorm_scale, const int n);
+
+MAKE_optimizer32bit(ADAM, half)
+MAKE_optimizer32bit(ADAM, float)
+MAKE_optimizer32bit(MOMENTUM, half)
+MAKE_optimizer32bit(MOMENTUM, float)
+MAKE_optimizer32bit(RMSPROP, half)
+MAKE_optimizer32bit(RMSPROP, float)
+
+#define MAKE_optimizerStatic8bit(name, gtype) \
+template void optimizerStatic8bit<gtype, name>(gtype* p, gtype* g, unsigned char* state1, unsigned char* state2, \
+ float *unorm, float max_unorm, float param_norm, \
+ float beta1, float beta2, \
+ float eps, int step, float lr, \
+ float* quantiles1, float* quantiles2, \
+ float* max1, float* max2, float* new_max1, float* new_max2, \
+ float weight_decay, \
+ const float gnorm_scale, int n); \
+
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bit(ADAM, half)
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bit(ADAM, float)
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bit(MOMENTUM, half)
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bit(MOMENTUM, float)
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bit(RMSPROP, half)
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bit(RMSPROP, float)
+
+#define MAKE_optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(gtype, optim_name) \
+template void optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise<gtype, optim_name>(gtype* p, gtype* g, \
+ unsigned char* state1, unsigned char* state2, float beta1, float beta2, float eps, int step, float lr, \
+ float* quantiles1, float* quantiles2, float* absmax1, float* absmax2, float weight_decay, const float gnorm_scale, int n); \
+
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(half, ADAM);
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(float, ADAM);
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(half, MOMENTUM);
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(float, MOMENTUM);
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(half, RMSPROP);
+MAKE_optimizerStatic8bitBlockwise(float, RMSPROP);
+
+template void percentileClipping(float * g, float *gnorm_vec, int step, const int n);
+template void percentileClipping(half * g, float *gnorm_vec, int step, const int n);